How Do You Read a Masonry Tape
Briefly, structural masonry is a construction system in which the walls of the building perform a structural function, using masonry units arranged in a fashion that is self-supporting and load-bearing. The walls will evenly distribute the load to the foundation and later on into the footing.
Stacked in layers, the bricks, blocks, or stones may or may non be connected by a binder (mortar) and steel reinforcements that heavily influence the mechanical backdrop of the wall, dimensioned to resist active forces.
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A grade is a continuous row of whatever masonry unit of measurement, such as bricks, concrete or ceramic blocks, running horizontally in a wall. Several courses form a wythe, which is a vertical section of masonry 1 unit in thickness. A unmarried not-structural wythe of brick is referred to as a masonry veneer. A course can be filled with steel reinforcement and grout to create a lintel, sill, or bond beam, binding and integrating the masonry wall into a stronger unit of measurement.
How does it work?
Tradicional column-axle systems use timber formwork built on-site according to the architectural project, forming molds into which steel reinforcement is added and physical or similar materials are poured. Later on the concrete sets, the molds are removed leaving a structural skeleton, which is then complemented with walls that can be made of many different materials. This envelope has the sole purpose of enclosing the building and providing thermal and audio-visual comfort. Plumbing and electrical systems are normally installed by cut chases on the finished walls, which is a very inefficient construction process of building up an entire wall only to open it up once more for pipes and conduits.
In structural masonry, withal, there is no framing, and the courses of units are laid precisely according to the architectural programme. Different types of concrete or ceramic units fulfill specific functions in each project, and they are normally bonded together with cement mortar. Hollow blocks are more than common in construction and much more efficient because the vertical holes tin can be used to acquit services such as electric conduits and pipes, with no need of chasing, and U-shaped units, for example, can receive horizontal reinforcement.
This integration of the electrical and water systems into the edifice structure is one of the chief advantages of structural masonry, saving time and money. This type of construction is faster and reduces structure waste material, allowing for highly organized construction sites. Also, by using fewer materials such every bit wood, steel, and concrete, structure is much more cost-effective, using standardized components that permit the project to be easily built and replicated through modulation.
Modulation in architecture means adapting the projection to the measurements of specific edifice materials, such equally bricks and blocks. By using this metric, the construction logic is incorporated into the pattern process, and the outcome is a much more than efficient and sustainable building.
This is very evident in projects such equally the Heliópolis Social Housing by Biselli Katchborian Arquitetos, a housing complex in São Paulo with 420 units of ii dissimilar types carried out as part of the Slum Upgrading Programme of the Metropolis of São Paulo, through the Section of Housing. The six-story buildings are all congenital with structural masonry, and the modulation can be seen clearly in the unit's floor plan and in the manner it is replicated to course the typical floor.
Another project where this happens is the COPROMO, a community housing by Usina CTAH'southward technical advisory group. This project uses structural ceramic blocks, which is very common in self-managed housing cooperatives since the 1990's considering information technology is a lightweight building fabric, making it easy to handle on the construction site. The flooring plan of the units is based on the size of the blocks, leading to the arrangement of the typical floor, which is and then replicated to create the overall building complex, thus ensuring optimal construction and also visual identity.
Apart from modulation, structural masonry also allows the incorporation of other structural elements, such as retaining walls, to the architectural design, as seen in the One-half-Gradient Business firm / Denis Joelsons + Gabriela Baraúna Uchida, which is split into two sections because of the steep terrain, creating an interesting event while too ensuring technical support. Additionally, structural masonry tin can be combined with other systems when needed, similar in the Vila Maida Housing Complex / Maristela Faccioli, for example, that also features beams, columns, and steel structures alongside the load-bearing masonry planes.
Ane of the biggest disadvantages of using structural masonry is that floor plans are non very flexible because load-begetting walls tin't exist removed for renovations unless the structure is replaced past a new axle, for case. The CL Warehouses by VAGA, however, show that it is possible to employ this construction system and nevertheless reach some flexibility. This project was designed to serve many purposes, and then the modulated structural walls were bundled to support long-span slabs for the roof and mezzanine without the need for circuitous structures, thus providing lots of open and flexible infinite.
By agreement the procedure of building with structural blocks, information technology becomes clearer that this solution is not as stiff as it seems merely actually allows for unexpected and unique designs, every bit we can see in the Headquarters for a Block Factory by Vão. Co-ordinate to the architects, information technology was during a visit to the warehouse and from observing the storage and transportation organisation of the blocks that the idea of building without the use of mortar materialized. From there, the human relationship between height, weight, and contact expanse of the stacks was explored in both the project and in the prototypes at the construction site, resulting in a structural masonry building with great stability, quick associates, and unique architectural language.
Structural masonry provides a more than optimized construction while besides saving resources, coin, and fourth dimension, which is why information technology has been increasingly popular, even for higher residential buildings. This system can create new perspectives in the field of compages, not just regarding the fabric palette and structure technique but likewise in terms of the architectural design procedure.
Check out this selection of Brazilian houses using structural masonry for more inspiration.
Cite: Martino, Giovana. "Structural Masonry: How It Works and When to Employ It" [O que é east quando usar alvenaria estrutural? ] 09 Jul 2021. ArchDaily. (Trans. Duduch, Tarsila) Accessed . <https://www.archdaily.com/964469/structural-masonry-how-it-works-and-when-to-use-it> ISSN 0719-8884
Source: https://www.archdaily.com/964469/structural-masonry-how-it-works-and-when-to-use-it
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